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- <text id=90TT1631>
- <title>
- June 25, 1990: The Balkans:Wild In The Streets
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- June 25, 1990 Who Gives A Hoot?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 29
- THE BALKANS
- Wild in the Streets
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>In Romania and Bulgaria, the game has changed but the players
- are still former Communists, leaving some spectators unhappy
- </p>
- <p>By John Borrell
- </p>
- <p> Ever since taking over from deposed dictator Nicolae
- Ceausescu last winter, Romanian leader Ion Iliescu has played
- down his Communist background and promised his countrymen a new
- democratic era. But actions speak louder than words. By setting
- club-wielding miners loose in Bucharest last week to crush
- antigovernment protests, Iliescu demonstrated that he was quite
- willing to rule by thuggery.
- </p>
- <p> The Romanian leader's performance as a party boss was a
- brutal reminder that while the countries of Central Europe have
- removed Communists from positions of any real power, the
- Balkans remain dominated by an old order dressed up in new
- suits. That fact was reinforced last week when the Bulgarian
- Socialist Party, formerly the Communist Party, emerged
- victorious in the first free elections since 1931.
- </p>
- <p> Iliescu's National Salvation Front also prevailed in
- elections last month, collecting an astonishing 85% of the
- vote. But even the magnitude of the win did not silence a
- minority that believes last December's revolution was hijacked
- by onetime Communists. Every day hundreds of protesters
- gathered in Bucharest's University Square, occasionally
- chanting, "The final solution is another revolution!"
- </p>
- <p> The government tolerated the occupation for nearly two
- months, but last week it lost first its patience and then much
- of its credibility. Just before dawn on Wednesday, more than
- 1,000 riot police poured into the square, setting fire to the
- tents of hunger strikers and beating 100 dissidents. Within
- hours thousands of protesters armed with clubs and petrol bombs
- were battling police throughout the city. As black smoke rose
- over Bucharest, Iliescu appeared on television to appeal for
- support against "a fascist rebellion."
- </p>
- <p> The next day thousands of miners, brought to the capital
- from towns as far as 250 miles away, took control of the city.
- Wielding clubs and steel pipes, they set up roadblocks and
- demanded identity documents, savagely beating anyone suspected
- of opposing the government. By the time calm returned, at least
- four people had been killed and hundreds wounded.
- </p>
- <p> While Romanians assessed how badly their political
- environment had been poisoned, Bulgarians were giving their
- Communists a second chance. The Socialist Party took 47% of the
- vote in the first round of elections despite a strong showing
- by the opposition Union of Democratic Forces in the capital of
- Sofia. The U.D.F., an alliance of 16 parties and movements,
- finished second with 36%. When tens of thousands of U.D.F.
- supporters demonstrated in Sofia against the Socialist victory,
- police wisely did not intervene.
- </p>
- <p> Despite their different ways of handling street dissent,
- those in power in Bucharest and Sofia share significant
- similarities. Just as Iliescu and his supporters seemed
- prepared to take over in Romania as soon as Ceausescu was
- toppled, Bulgaria's longtime Foreign Minister, Petar Mladenov,
- carefully orchestrated the ouster last November of dictator
- Todor Zhivkov and then engineered his own succession as
- President.
- </p>
- <p> In both countries it is widely believed that the Soviets,
- concerned about the way Communists were being dumped elsewhere,
- encouraged party reformers to take over. It was a way of
- ensuring that forces hostile to the Soviet Union did not win
- power on its southern borders, and provided a possible model
- for the Communist Party in the Soviet Union to follow in
- securing its own future. "What they have done in Romania and
- Bulgaria is change the game without changing the players," said
- a Western diplomat in Sofia. But the violence in Romania has
- raised questions about the ability of former Communists to stick
- to the rules that govern democracy. There were clear
- indications last week that the plainclothes police who caused
- so much fear during the Ceausescu era were active once again.
- The miners may have been willing to come to the aid of the
- front because they felt a debt was owed: their salaries were
- doubled earlier this year. The workers also have little love
- for the intellectuals and students who belong to the
- opposition, a class conflict that was exploited by the front.
- </p>
- <p> Meanwhile, the language of the government's justification
- of its actions quivered with the jelly-like rhetoric long
- favored by the region's Marxists. "To avoid bloodshed and
- disorder," said Iliescu lamely after the miners ransacked the
- headquarters of two opposition parties, "the government was
- forced to appeal for help." It was just the sort of doublespeak
- that Iliescu's onetime mentor, Nicolae Ceausescu, might have
- admired.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-